9 The Disaster Relief Act of 1974: Richard Nixon and the Creation of Emergency Management

Kneeland, Timothy W., 'The Disaster Relief Act of 1974: Richard Nixon and the Creation of Emergency Management' , Playing Politics with Natural Disaster: Hurricane Agnes, the 1972 Election, and the Origins of FEMA (

, 2020; online edn, Cornell Scholarship Online , 17 Sept. 2020 ), https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501748530.003.0010, accessed 20 Sept. 2024.

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Abstract

This chapter studies how, after his landslide reelection in 1972, Richard Nixon began his campaign to change the trajectory of American disaster policy and create a new era in which preparation and mitigation at the local level of government was a requirement to receive any assistance from the federal government. In signing the Disaster Relief Act of 1974 on May 22 of that year, Nixon remarked that this bill “truly brings the new federalism to our disaster preparedness and assistance activities.” The significance of the Disaster Relief Act of 1974 is debatable; some analysts see it as a continuation of practices set into motion by the Disaster Relief Act of 1950, whereas others see it as a significant departure from prior disaster legislation. The Disaster Relief Act of 1974 marked the beginning of the regulatory phase of disaster assistance, an era in which the federal government limited federal costs and forced individuals and communities to assume some of the responsibility of living in disaster-prone areas. The legislation contained the provisions requiring states and localities to take steps to mitigate future disasters. Moreover, it required communities to have plans and contingencies for disaster, which laid the foundation of the professionalization of emergency management. The chapter then considers the creation of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).

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